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The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. The results of this research will be used to try to answer the question naturalists have been faced with for almost 200 years: how many living species inhabit our planet?</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '402', 'titre' => 'A serious problem', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each year, between 1,600 and 1,700 marine species are discovered, these are added to the 235,000 that have already been recorded. Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. Larger fauna is also easier to study than micro fauna, particularly in areas as rich in biodiversity as the Coral Triangle. Indeed, in complex ecosystems, species are generally small and rare and as a result, the number of samples collected during an expedition is usually huge, which means a great deal of work for taxonomists sorting and then analysing data. Such studies cannot always be completed, as however comprehensive the sample taken, species are often represented by only one or two specimens, which is not always sufficient to determine their novelty. Unfortunately, a lack of expertise is often the ultimate handicap; for some rare groups there is simply no specialist. When this is the case, specimens are added to museum collections to wait for the day that somebody will come and study them. <br />To overcome some of these difficulties a change of scale is required, by collecting massive inventories and by bringing together experts from around the world, as was the case in Panglao in the Philippines (in 2004) on the island of Espiritu Santo, in Vanuatu (in 2006), or in the south of Madagascar (in 2010). This type of deployment provides excellent results: in Panglao over 7 weeks of work in a 15,000 hectare area, 1,600 species of decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, etc) and between 5,000 and 6,000 species of molluscs were collected, among which several hundred were previously unknown. In comparison, all 800 million hectares of European seas combined are home to just 672 species of decapod crustaceans and 3,450 species of molluscs. </p> <p> </p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '403', 'titre' => 'Multiple objectives', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array() ) ) $rubrique_mere = array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '153', 'url' => 'presentation', 'titre' => 'Marine mission', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Mission_marine_153.png', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '154', 'niceurldestination' => 'presentation', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '133', 'lft' => '112', 'rght' => '121', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'Formulaire' => array( 'id' => null, 'titre' => null, 'libelle' => null, 'texte' => null, 'email' => null, 'view_element' => null, 'controller' => null, 'message_confirmation_email' => null, 'message_confirmation' => null, 'sujet_mail' => null, 'message2_confirmation_email' => null, 'message2_confirmation' => null, 'sujet2_mail' => null ), 'ParentRubrique' => array( 'id' => '133', 'url' => 'accueil', 'titre' => 'L'expédition', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => '', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '134', 'niceurldestination' => 'accueil', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => 'L_expedition_fre_133.png', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '212', 'lft' => '101', 'rght' => '124' ), 'Typerubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'titre' => 'normal', 'commentaire' => '', 'ordre' => '10' ), 'Site' => array(), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12624', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Mission marine' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12626', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Marine mission' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12625', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12633', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => null ) ), 'Presentations' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12634', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'presentation', 'content' => null ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12635', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'presentation', 'content' => null ) ), 'Urls' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12627', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'url', 'content' => 'presentation' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12628', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'url', 'content' => 'presentation' ) ), 'Niceurldestinations' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12629', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'niceurldestination', 'content' => 'presentation' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12630', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'niceurldestination', 'content' => 'presentation' ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Lien' => array(), 'User' => array() ) $classebody = (int) 0 $typerubrique = 'normal' $leslangues = array( 'fr' => 'fra', 'en' => 'eng' )include - APP/View/Rubriques/voir.ctp, line 8 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 961 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 923 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 960 RubriquesController::voir() - APP/Controller/RubriquesController.php, line 333 ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ?? Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 490 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118
Notice (8): Undefined index: http: [APP/View/Elements/article/voir_unarticle.ctp, line 11]Code Context$videos=$article['Video'];
$leslangues=Configure::read('Config.languages');
$lalangue=$leslangues[$this->params['lang']];
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'classebody' => (int) 0, 'article' => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '401', 'titre' => 'A wealth of biodiversity yet to be studied', 'surtitre' => 'Marine Mission', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Papua New Guinea’s marine life is as rich as the life found in its forests. The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. The results of this research will be used to try to answer the question naturalists have been faced with for almost 200 years: how many living species inhabit our planet?</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 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marine life is as rich as the life found in its forests. The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. The results of this research will be used to try to answer the question naturalists have been faced with for almost 200 years: how many living species inhabit our planet?</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '402', 'titre' => 'A serious problem', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each year, between 1,600 and 1,700 marine species are discovered, these are added to the 235,000 that have already been recorded. Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. Larger fauna is also easier to study than micro fauna, particularly in areas as rich in biodiversity as the Coral Triangle. Indeed, in complex ecosystems, species are generally small and rare and as a result, the number of samples collected during an expedition is usually huge, which means a great deal of work for taxonomists sorting and then analysing data. Such studies cannot always be completed, as however comprehensive the sample taken, species are often represented by only one or two specimens, which is not always sufficient to determine their novelty. Unfortunately, a lack of expertise is often the ultimate handicap; for some rare groups there is simply no specialist. When this is the case, specimens are added to museum collections to wait for the day that somebody will come and study them. <br />To overcome some of these difficulties a change of scale is required, by collecting massive inventories and by bringing together experts from around the world, as was the case in Panglao in the Philippines (in 2004) on the island of Espiritu Santo, in Vanuatu (in 2006), or in the south of Madagascar (in 2010). This type of deployment provides excellent results: in Panglao over 7 weeks of work in a 15,000 hectare area, 1,600 species of decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, etc) and between 5,000 and 6,000 species of molluscs were collected, among which several hundred were previously unknown. In comparison, all 800 million hectares of European seas combined are home to just 672 species of decapod crustaceans and 3,450 species of molluscs. </p> <p> </p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '403', 'titre' => 'Multiple objectives', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( 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'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Papua New Guinea’s marine life is as rich as the life found in its forests. The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. The results of this research will be used to try to answer the question naturalists have been faced with for almost 200 years: how many living species inhabit our planet?</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12776', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Une manne de biodiversité sous-étudiée ' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12780', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'A wealth of biodiversity yet to be studied' ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12777', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => 'Mission marine' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12781', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => 'Marine Mission' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12778', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12782', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12783', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">La richesse des fonds marins de la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée n'a rien à envier à celle de ses forêts. Et pour cause : l'île est située au cœur du Triangle de Corail, la région de la planète abritant la plus grande biodiversité marine. Dans cette zone qui s'étend des Philippines à l'Indonésie vivent 76 % des espèces de coraux constructeurs de récifs de la planète. Sa richesse est telle qu'un seul hectare du Triangle de Corail peut contenir davantage de coraux que l'ensemble des Caraïbes, voire que l'Océan Atlantique tout entier ! Ils constituent des habitats de choix pour une multitude d'espèces marines, dont une grande partie demeurent aujourd'hui encore inconnues.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Malgré cette surabondance, étonnamment, la plupart des recherches sur la biodiversité marine concernent des régions situées hors du Triangle de Corail. Ainsi, entre 2001 et 2010, les deux pays où ont été découvertes le plus d'espèces marines furent l'Australie et du Japon, pourtant bien plus pauvres en espèces. La raison ? À défaut de posséder des écosystèmes marins aussi riches que ceux des pays du Triangle de Corail, le Japon et l'Australie possèdent des programmes de recherche et des institutions académiques en plus grand nombre...</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Ce nouveau volet du programme d'expéditions « La Planète Revisité » permettra de recueillir un maximum de données afin de compléter les connaissances sur la biodiversité de cette zone extrêmement riche et, paradoxalement, sous-étudiée. L'expédition sera aussi l'occasion de comparer différentes méthodologies de recherche. Enfin, les résultats obtenus seront utilisés pour tenter de répondre à la question qui taraude les naturalistes depuis près de 200 ans : combien d'espèces vivantes habitent notre planète ?</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </p>' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12784', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '401', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p>Papua New Guinea’s marine life is as rich as the life found in its forests. The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. 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These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. 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Papua New Guinea’s marine life is as rich as the life found in its forests. The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown.
Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions.
This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. The results of this research will be used to try to answer the question naturalists have been faced with for almost 200 years: how many living species inhabit our planet?
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Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. Larger fauna is also easier to study than micro fauna, particularly in areas as rich in biodiversity as the Coral Triangle. Indeed, in complex ecosystems, species are generally small and rare and as a result, the number of samples collected during an expedition is usually huge, which means a great deal of work for taxonomists sorting and then analysing data. 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marine life is as rich as the life found in its forests. The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. The results of this research will be used to try to answer the question naturalists have been faced with for almost 200 years: how many living species inhabit our planet?</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '402', 'titre' => 'A serious problem', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each year, between 1,600 and 1,700 marine species are discovered, these are added to the 235,000 that have already been recorded. Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. Larger fauna is also easier to study than micro fauna, particularly in areas as rich in biodiversity as the Coral Triangle. Indeed, in complex ecosystems, species are generally small and rare and as a result, the number of samples collected during an expedition is usually huge, which means a great deal of work for taxonomists sorting and then analysing data. Such studies cannot always be completed, as however comprehensive the sample taken, species are often represented by only one or two specimens, which is not always sufficient to determine their novelty. Unfortunately, a lack of expertise is often the ultimate handicap; for some rare groups there is simply no specialist. When this is the case, specimens are added to museum collections to wait for the day that somebody will come and study them. <br />To overcome some of these difficulties a change of scale is required, by collecting massive inventories and by bringing together experts from around the world, as was the case in Panglao in the Philippines (in 2004) on the island of Espiritu Santo, in Vanuatu (in 2006), or in the south of Madagascar (in 2010). This type of deployment provides excellent results: in Panglao over 7 weeks of work in a 15,000 hectare area, 1,600 species of decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, etc) and between 5,000 and 6,000 species of molluscs were collected, among which several hundred were previously unknown. In comparison, all 800 million hectares of European seas combined are home to just 672 species of decapod crustaceans and 3,450 species of molluscs. </p> <p> </p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '403', 'titre' => 'Multiple objectives', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( 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Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. Larger fauna is also easier to study than micro fauna, particularly in areas as rich in biodiversity as the Coral Triangle. Indeed, in complex ecosystems, species are generally small and rare and as a result, the number of samples collected during an expedition is usually huge, which means a great deal of work for taxonomists sorting and then analysing data. 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In comparison, all 800 million hectares of European seas combined are home to just 672 species of decapod crustaceans and 3,450 species of molluscs. </p> <p> </p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12785', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Un problème de taille' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12790', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'A serious problem' ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12786', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12791', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12787', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12792', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12793', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p>Chaque année, 1600 à 1700 nouvelles espèces marines sont découvertes, et s'ajoutent aux quelques 235 000 déjà répertoriées. La moitié d'entre elles sont représentées par des mollusques et des crustacés. Pourtant, la majeure partie des programmes de recherche et des initiatives de conservation concernent la grande faune des océans (tortues, mammifères marins, poissons, coraux constructeurs de récifs...), qui ne représentent que 8 % de la biodiversité marine... Ce déséquilibre s'explique, d'une part, par le « charisme » des grands animaux. Il est plus facile d'intéresser le public et de lever des fonds pour la sauvegarde des tortues marines ou des cétacés que pour l'étude des microgastéropodes benthiques. La mégafaune, d'autre part, est plus facile à étudier que la microfaune, surtout lorsqu'on s'intéresse à des régions aussi riches en biodiversité que le Triangle de Corail. En effet, dans les écosystèmes complexes, les espèces sont généralement petites et rares. En conséquence, le nombre d'échantillons collectés au cours d'une mission d'exploration est habituellement faramineux, ce qui implique un énorme travail de tri et, par la suite, d'analyse des données par les taxonomistes. Des analyses qui ne peuvent pas toujours être menées à leur terme car quelle que soit l'intensité de l'échantillonnage, il arrive souvent que des espèces ne soient représentées que par un ou deux spécimens, ce qui ne suffit pas systématiquement à déterminer leur nouveauté. Enfin, malheureusement, le manque d'expertise constitue parfois un ultime handicap : pour certains groupes rares, il n'existe tout simplement pas de spécialiste. Dans ce cas, les spécimens sont intégrés aux collections des muséums en attendant que quelqu'un, un jour, vienne les étudier.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Pour s'affranchir d'une partie de ces difficultés, il est nécessaire de changer d'échelle et de mettre en place des inventaires massifs, fédérant des experts du monde entier, à l'image de ceux menés à Panglao, dans les Philippines (en 2004), sur l'île d'Espiritu Santo, dans le Vanuatu (en 2006), ou encore dans le grand sud malgache (en 2010). Ce type de déploiement de moyens permet d'obtenir des résultats incomparables : à Panglao, en 7 semaines de travail portant sur une zone de 15 000 hectares, 1600 espèces de crustacés décapodes (crabes, crevettes etc.) et 5000 à 6000 espèces de mollusques ont été collectées. Parmi celles-ci, plusieurs centaines étaient inconnues. En comparaison, l'ensemble des mers européennes, soit 800 millions d'hectares, ne contiennent que 672 espèces de crustacés décapodes et 3450 espèces de mollusques... </p>' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12794', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '402', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p>Each year, between 1,600 and 1,700 marine species are discovered, these are added to the 235,000 that have already been recorded. Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. 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Each year, between 1,600 and 1,700 marine species are discovered, these are added to the 235,000 that have already been recorded. Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. Larger fauna is also easier to study than micro fauna, particularly in areas as rich in biodiversity as the Coral Triangle. Indeed, in complex ecosystems, species are generally small and rare and as a result, the number of samples collected during an expedition is usually huge, which means a great deal of work for taxonomists sorting and then analysing data. Such studies cannot always be completed, as however comprehensive the sample taken, species are often represented by only one or two specimens, which is not always sufficient to determine their novelty. Unfortunately, a lack of expertise is often the ultimate handicap; for some rare groups there is simply no specialist. When this is the case, specimens are added to museum collections to wait for the day that somebody will come and study them.
To overcome some of these difficulties a change of scale is required, by collecting massive inventories and by bringing together experts from around the world, as was the case in Panglao in the Philippines (in 2004) on the island of Espiritu Santo, in Vanuatu (in 2006), or in the south of Madagascar (in 2010). This type of deployment provides excellent results: in Panglao over 7 weeks of work in a 15,000 hectare area, 1,600 species of decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, etc) and between 5,000 and 6,000 species of molluscs were collected, among which several hundred were previously unknown. In comparison, all 800 million hectares of European seas combined are home to just 672 species of decapod crustaceans and 3,450 species of molluscs.
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According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. 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marine life is as rich as the life found in its forests. The island lies at the heart of the Coral Triangle, the world’s most bio-diverse marine environment. 76% of the world’s reef-building coral species inhabit this area, which stretches from the Philippines to Indonesia. A single hectare of the Coral Triangle may contain more coral than can be found in the whole of the Caribbean, or even the entire Atlantic Ocean. These corals constitute prime habitats for many marine species, many of which remain unknown. <br /><br />Surprisingly, despite this abundance, the majority of research on marine biodiversity has been carried out on regions that lie outside the Coral Triangle. The two countries that discovered the highest number of new marine species between 2001 and 2010 were Australia and Japan, both of which are home to far fewer species. The reason for this is that although Japanese and Australian marine ecosystems are less diverse than those of countries based in the Coral Triangle, these two countries have a higher number of research programmes and academic institutions. <br /><br />This new ‘Planet Reviewed’ expedition will collect a great deal of data, to complete our knowledge of the extremely abundant biodiversity present in this area, which has not yet been properly studied. The expedition will also provide an opportunity to compare various different research methods. The results of this research will be used to try to answer the question naturalists have been faced with for almost 200 years: how many living species inhabit our planet?</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '402', 'titre' => 'A serious problem', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each year, between 1,600 and 1,700 marine species are discovered, these are added to the 235,000 that have already been recorded. Half of these are molluscs and crustaceans, nevertheless most research programmes and conservation initiatives are focused on larger ocean creatures (turtles, marine mammals, fish, reef-building corals, etc), which represent just 8% of marine biodiversity. One of the reasons for this is the ‘charisma’ of larger animals; it is easier to generate public interest and raise funds to protect marine turtles or whales and dolphins than it is to study benthic micro gastropods. Larger fauna is also easier to study than micro fauna, particularly in areas as rich in biodiversity as the Coral Triangle. Indeed, in complex ecosystems, species are generally small and rare and as a result, the number of samples collected during an expedition is usually huge, which means a great deal of work for taxonomists sorting and then analysing data. Such studies cannot always be completed, as however comprehensive the sample taken, species are often represented by only one or two specimens, which is not always sufficient to determine their novelty. Unfortunately, a lack of expertise is often the ultimate handicap; for some rare groups there is simply no specialist. When this is the case, specimens are added to museum collections to wait for the day that somebody will come and study them. <br />To overcome some of these difficulties a change of scale is required, by collecting massive inventories and by bringing together experts from around the world, as was the case in Panglao in the Philippines (in 2004) on the island of Espiritu Santo, in Vanuatu (in 2006), or in the south of Madagascar (in 2010). This type of deployment provides excellent results: in Panglao over 7 weeks of work in a 15,000 hectare area, 1,600 species of decapod crustaceans (crabs, shrimp, etc) and between 5,000 and 6,000 species of molluscs were collected, among which several hundred were previously unknown. In comparison, all 800 million hectares of European seas combined are home to just 672 species of decapod crustaceans and 3,450 species of molluscs. </p> <p> </p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 2 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '403', 'titre' => 'Multiple objectives', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( 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'Typerubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'titre' => 'normal', 'commentaire' => '', 'ordre' => '10' ), 'Site' => array(), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12624', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Mission marine' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12626', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Marine mission' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12625', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12633', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => null ) ), 'Presentations' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12634', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '153', 'field' => 'presentation', 'content' => null ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12635', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' 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'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '18', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'Magniez', 'prenom' => 'Thierry', 'username' => 'Thierry', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12802', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'De multiples objectifs' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12806', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Multiple objectives' ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12803', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12807', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12804', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12808', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12809', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Chaque nouvelle expédition naturaliste dans le Triangle de Corail est l'occasion de découvrir des espèces inconnues, et celle-ci ne fera pas exception : selon les estimations, environ 30 % des invertébrés benthiques qui seront rapportés appartiendront probablement à de nouvelles espèces. De nombreux habitats jusqu'ici peu explorés seront ciblés, tels que les lacs marins des environs de Madang ou les bois coulés, et une attention particulière sera portée aux interactions entre invertébrés, qu'il s'agisse de parasitisme, de commensalisme ou d'autre types d'associations.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Les spécimens et les données collectés par les chercheurs permettront également de mieux évaluer le nombre total d'espèces marines. Aujourd'hui, on estime qu'il est compris entre 400 000 et plusieurs millions. Cet intervalle très large s'explique par l'utilisation de différentes méthodes pour mesurer la biodiversité. En effet, selon leur domaine de recherche, les spécialistes des sciences marines ne travaillent pas tous aux mêmes échelles, ni sur les mêmes organismes indicateurs, et ils n'analysent pas leurs données de la même façon. L'expédition en Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée sera l'occasion de comparer trois approches sur le même site géographique :</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">- Zoologues et botanistes s'attacheront à inventorier les espèces de la façon la plus exhaustive possible, en comptant le maximum de spécimen ;</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">- Les écologues utiliseront des extrapolations basées sur des expérimentations standardisées ;</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">- Enfin des évaluations rapides de la biodiversité seront menées en se basant sur quelques groupes d'organismes indicateurs (poissons, coraux, palétuviers...), une pratique courante des biologistes de la conservation.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Les données qui seront obtenues suite à ces travaux alimenteront les bases de données internationales sur les organismes tropicaux. À l'heure actuelle, très peu d'informations existent sur les espèces vivant dans les profondeurs de ces régions : la campagne d'exploration hauturière aura donc un grand intérêt.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Grâce aux technologies de géolocalisation (GPS), des cartes très précises des habitats coralliens seront établies dans les mois suivant l'expédition et mises à disposition de la communauté scientifique ainsi que des organisations de conservation, des décideurs politiques ou de toute personne ayant un intérêt pour ce type d'outil.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Les spécimens collectés iront enrichir les collections de l'université de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle et de l'IRD.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Enfin, de nombreux articles scientifiques (probablement des centaines !) seront publiés au cours des années suivant l'expédition, dans des domaines aussi variés que la description de la faune et de la flore, l'évaluation des méthodologies de travail, la protection des espèces... Ces connaissances seront également vulgarisées et diffusées afin de sensibiliser le plus grand nombre aux problématiques environnementales. Ainsi, sur le modèle de ce qui a été fait après l'expédition Santo 2006, un livre sur la vie marine de la Mer de Bismarck sera publié quelques années après la fin de l'expédition.</p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"> </p> <p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Bien que ne constituant pas une étude d'impact, les données sur les habitats marins rapportées par l'expédition pourront aussi être utilisées comme point de départ pour évaluer les conséquences des projets industriels prévus dans la région de Madang et la Baie de l'Astrolabe. Parmi ceux-ci, la construction du Parc marin industriel de Madang qui consistera en l'établissement, dans le nord du lagon, de conserveries, et deux projets de companies minières visant à des implantations offshore.</p> <p> </p>' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12810', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p>Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.</p>' ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '12805', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'libelle_zip', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '12812', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '403', 'field' => 'libelle_zip', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '1', 'codelang' => 'fre' ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array() ) $item = array( 'id' => '403', 'titre' => 'Multiple objectives', 'surtitre' => '', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.<br /><br />Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Zoologists and botanists will endeavour to list the species as fully as possible, by counting a maximum number of specimens;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Ecologists will use extrapolations based upon standardised experiments;</li> </ul> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Rapid biodiversity assessments will be carried out based on groups of indicator organisms (fish, coral, mangroves, etc), this is common practice among conservation biologists. </li> </ul> <p><br />The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.<br /><br />Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.<br /><br />The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).<br /><br />Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.<br /><br /> <br /><br />Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.</p>', 'date' => '2010-09-19', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '18', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ) $vignettes = array() $pdfs = array() $d_vignettes = array() $sons = array() $videos = array() $leslangues = array( 'fr' => 'fra', 'en' => 'eng' )include - APP/View/Elements/article/voir_unarticle.ctp, line 11 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 961 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 923 View::_renderElement() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 1217 View::element() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 418 include - APP/View/Rubriques/voir.ctp, line 69 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 961 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 923 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 960 RubriquesController::voir() - APP/Controller/RubriquesController.php, line 333 ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ?? Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 490 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118
Each new expedition in the Coral Triangle is an opportunity to discover unknown species, and this one will be no exception. According to estimates, around 30% of benthic invertebrates collected will likely belong to new species. Numerous habitats, which until now have been little explored, such as marine lakes in the vicinity of Madang, as well as submerged forests, will be explored. Particular attention will be paid to interactions between invertebrates, whether these are parasitism, commensalism or other types of association.
Specimens and data collected by researchers will also help in estimating the total number of marine species, which is currently estimated at between 400,000 and several millions. The wide range between these two figures is due to different methods for measuring biodiversity. Marine scientists use different scales, different organism indicators and analyse their data differently depending on their area of study. The expedition to Papua New Guinea will be an opportunity to compare three approaches on the same geographic site:
The data obtained from this work will be fed into international databases on tropical organisms. At present, very little is known about species living in the depths of these regions, the marine expedition will therefore be of great interest.
Thanks to GPS technology, highly accurate maps of coral reef habitats will be produced in the months following the expedition and will be made available to the scientific community and conservation organisations, policy makers and other parties interested in this type of tool.
The specimens collected will enrich the collections of The University of Papua New Guinea, the National Museum of Natural History and the IRD (L'Institut de recherche pour le développement).
Finally, numerous scientific articles (probably running into the hundreds!) will be published in the years following the expedition, in areas as diverse as the description of flora and fauna, the evaluation of working methodologies and the protection of species, among others. This knowledge will also be simplified and disseminated in order to build as much awareness as possible of environmental issues. As part of this, as was the case for the Santo 2006 expedition, a book on marine life in the Bismarck Sea will be published few years after the end of the expedition.
Although it is not an impact study, data on marine habitats reported by the expedition may also be used as a departure point to evaluate the consequences of industrial projects planned in the Madang Province and in the Astrolabe Bay. These projects include the construction of the Madang Marine Industrial Park, which will include a fish processing plant in the north of the lagoon, and two projects led by offshore mining companies.