Notice (8): Undefined index: http: [APP/View/Rubriques/voir.ctp, line 8]Code Context
$leslangues=Configure::read('Config.languages');
$lalangue=$leslangues[$this->params['lang']];
$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/expedition.mnhn.fr/laplaneterevisitee.org/app/View/Rubriques/voir.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'arborescence' => array( (int) 163 => array( 'id' => '163', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 1', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 164 => array( 'id' => '164', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 2', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 165 => array( 'id' => '165', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 3', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 166 => array( 'id' => '166', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 4', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ), 'path_ids' => array( (int) 0 => '165', (int) 1 => '2', (int) 2 => '27', (int) 3 => '54' ), 'piedpage' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'Rubrique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'Rubrique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'rubrique' => array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '54', 'url' => 'conclusion', 'titre' => 'Conclusion', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Conclusion_54.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '54', 'niceurldestination' => 'conclusion', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '0', 'parent_id' => '27', 'lft' => '314', 'rght' => '315', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'Formulaire' => array( 'id' => null, 'titre' => null, 'libelle' => null, 'texte' => null, 'email' => null, 'view_element' => null, 'controller' => null, 'message_confirmation_email' => null, 'message_confirmation' => null, 'sujet_mail' => null, 'message2_confirmation_email' => null, 'message2_confirmation' => null, 'sujet2_mail' => null ), 'ParentRubrique' => array( 'id' => '27', 'url' => 'introduction', 'titre' => 'Histoire du Mozambique', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Histoire_du_Mozambique_27.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '31', 'niceurldestination' => 'introduction', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '2', 'lft' => '301', 'rght' => '316' ), 'Typerubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'titre' => 'normal', 'commentaire' => '', 'ordre' => '10' ), 'Site' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Presentations' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Urls' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Niceurldestinations' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Lien' => array(), 'User' => array() ), 'contenus_traduits' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'Article' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'User' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Titres' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Surtitres' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Soustitres' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Textes' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Libellezips' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Commentaire' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Droitevignette' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Langue' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Lien' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Pdf' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Son' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Video' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Vignette' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'rubrique_mere' => array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '27', 'url' => 'introduction', 'titre' => 'History of Mozambique', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Histoire_du_Mozambique_27.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '31', 'niceurldestination' => 'introduction', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '2', 'lft' => '301', 'rght' => '316', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'Formulaire' => array( 'id' => null, 'titre' => null, 'libelle' => null, 'texte' => null, 'email' => null, 'view_element' => null, 'controller' => null, 'message_confirmation_email' => null, 'message_confirmation' => null, 'sujet_mail' => null, 'message2_confirmation_email' => null, 'message2_confirmation' => null, 'sujet2_mail' => null ), 'ParentRubrique' => array( 'id' => '2', 'url' => 'accueil', 'titre' => 'Mozambique 2009', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Mozambique_2.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '78', 'niceurldestination' => 'accueil', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => 'Mozambique_fre_2.png', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => 'css=mozambique', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '165', 'lft' => '290', 'rght' => '325' ), 'Typerubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'titre' => 'normal', 'commentaire' => '', 'ordre' => '10' ), 'Site' => array(), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Presentations' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Urls' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Niceurldestinations' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Lien' => array(), 'User' => array() ), 'classebody' => (int) 0 ) $arborescence = array( (int) 163 => array( 'id' => '163', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 1', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( (int) 67 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 111 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 6 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 164 => array( 'id' => '164', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 2', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( (int) 7 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 8 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 65 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 165 => array( 'id' => '165', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 3', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( (int) 217 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 212 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 3 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 2 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 157 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), (int) 166 => array( 'id' => '166', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 4', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array() ) ) $path_ids = array( (int) 0 => '165', (int) 1 => '2', (int) 2 => '27', (int) 3 => '54' ) $piedpage = array( (int) 0 => array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '9', 'lft' => '1', 'urldestination' => '9', 'locale' => 'eng', 'titre' => 'Contact', 'niceurldestination' => 'contact' ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'lft' => '3', 'urldestination' => '10', 'locale' => 'eng', 'titre' => 'Credits', 'niceurldestination' => 'credits' ) ) ) $rubrique = array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '54', 'url' => 'conclusion', 'titre' => 'Conclusion', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Conclusion_54.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '54', 'niceurldestination' => 'conclusion', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '0', 'parent_id' => '27', 'lft' => '314', 'rght' => '315', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'Formulaire' => array( 'id' => null, 'titre' => null, 'libelle' => null, 'texte' => null, 'email' => null, 'view_element' => null, 'controller' => null, 'message_confirmation_email' => null, 'message_confirmation' => null, 'sujet_mail' => null, 'message2_confirmation_email' => null, 'message2_confirmation' => null, 'sujet2_mail' => null ), 'ParentRubrique' => array( 'id' => '27', 'url' => 'introduction', 'titre' => 'Histoire du Mozambique', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Histoire_du_Mozambique_27.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '31', 'niceurldestination' => 'introduction', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '2', 'lft' => '301', 'rght' => '316' ), 'Typerubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'titre' => 'normal', 'commentaire' => '', 'ordre' => '10' ), 'Site' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '79', 'rubrique_id' => '54', 'contenu_id' => '85', 'contenu_type' => 'articles', 'position' => '10' ) ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4374', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Conclusion' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4376', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Conclusion' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4375', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4381', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => null ) ), 'Presentations' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4382', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'presentation', 'content' => null ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4383', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'presentation', 'content' => null ) ), 'Urls' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4377', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'url', 'content' => 'conclusion' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4378', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'url', 'content' => 'conclusion' ) ), 'Niceurldestinations' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4379', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'niceurldestination', 'content' => 'conclusion' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4380', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '54', 'field' => 'niceurldestination', 'content' => 'conclusion' ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Lien' => array(), 'User' => array() ) $contenus_traduits = array( (int) 0 => array( 'Article' => array( 'id' => '85', 'titre' => 'Conclusion', 'surtitre' => 'Story of Mozambique', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Mozambique has made use of the misfortunes of history. A strategic challenge situated on the road to the East Indies, coveted from too early on, it became a Portuguese possession, but served as a service colony for the British hinterland. Portuguese colonisation, not very extravagant with frugally assessed resources, did not allow it to free up new African elites, which could have taken over. Independence was granted from outside by a revolution in the mother country without a following process of decolonisation. Failure to achieve democratisation provoked a civil war that destroyed most of the facilities the colonial power had had some trouble installing. Mozambique, which has always been a passageway between the interior and the ocean, can do little but accept its original geographical vocation as a staging country.<br /><br /><strong>Bibliography:</strong><br />D. Jouanneau, <em>Le Mozambique</em>, Ed Karthala, Paris, 1995<br />M. Cahen, <em>Mozambique, la révolution implosée</em> , Ed L’harmattan, 1987<br />J.P Chrétien, <em>L’Afrique des grands lacs</em> , Ed Flammarion, 2003</p>', 'date' => '2009-09-30', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '19', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '19', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'webmaster', 'prenom' => 'editorial', 'username' => 'webmaster', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ) ) $rubrique_mere = array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '27', 'url' => 'introduction', 'titre' => 'History of Mozambique', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Histoire_du_Mozambique_27.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '31', 'niceurldestination' => 'introduction', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '2', 'lft' => '301', 'rght' => '316', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'Formulaire' => array( 'id' => null, 'titre' => null, 'libelle' => null, 'texte' => null, 'email' => null, 'view_element' => null, 'controller' => null, 'message_confirmation_email' => null, 'message_confirmation' => null, 'sujet_mail' => null, 'message2_confirmation_email' => null, 'message2_confirmation' => null, 'sujet2_mail' => null ), 'ParentRubrique' => array( 'id' => '2', 'url' => 'accueil', 'titre' => 'Mozambique 2009', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Mozambique_2.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '78', 'niceurldestination' => 'accueil', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => 'Mozambique_fre_2.png', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => 'css=mozambique', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '165', 'lft' => '290', 'rght' => '325' ), 'Typerubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'titre' => 'normal', 'commentaire' => '', 'ordre' => '10' ), 'Site' => array(), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '3284', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Histoire du Mozambique' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '3286', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'History of Mozambique' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '3285', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '3291', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => null ) ), 'Presentations' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '3292', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'presentation', 'content' => null ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '3293', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'presentation', 'content' => null ) ), 'Urls' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '3287', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'url', 'content' => 'introduction' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '3288', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'url', 'content' => 'introduction' ) ), 'Niceurldestinations' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '3289', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'niceurldestination', 'content' => 'introduction' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '3290', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Rubrique', 'foreign_key' => '27', 'field' => 'niceurldestination', 'content' => 'introduction' ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Lien' => array(), 'User' => array() ) $classebody = (int) 0 $typerubrique = 'normal' $leslangues = array( 'fr' => 'fra', 'en' => 'eng' )include - APP/View/Rubriques/voir.ctp, line 8 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 961 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 923 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 960 RubriquesController::voir() - APP/Controller/RubriquesController.php, line 333 ReflectionMethod::invokeArgs() - [internal], line ?? Controller::invokeAction() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 490 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 193 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 118
Notice (8): Undefined index: http: [APP/View/Elements/article/voir_unarticle.ctp, line 11]Code Context$videos=$article['Video'];
$leslangues=Configure::read('Config.languages');
$lalangue=$leslangues[$this->params['lang']];
$viewFile = '/var/www/vhosts/expedition.mnhn.fr/laplaneterevisitee.org/app/View/Elements/article/voir_unarticle.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'arborescence' => array( (int) 163 => array( 'id' => '163', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 1', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 164 => array( 'id' => '164', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 2', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 165 => array( 'id' => '165', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 3', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 166 => array( 'id' => '166', 'titre' => 'GROUPE 4', 'est_groupe' => true, 'children' => array([maximum depth reached]) ) ), 'path_ids' => array( (int) 0 => '165', (int) 1 => '2', (int) 2 => '27', (int) 3 => '54' ), 'piedpage' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'Rubrique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), (int) 1 => array( 'Rubrique' => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ) ), 'rubrique' => array( 'Rubrique' => array( 'id' => '54', 'url' => 'conclusion', 'titre' => 'Conclusion', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Conclusion_54.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '54', 'niceurldestination' => 'conclusion', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '0', 'parent_id' => '27', 'lft' => '314', 'rght' => '315', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'Formulaire' => array( 'id' => null, 'titre' => null, 'libelle' => null, 'texte' => null, 'email' => null, 'view_element' => null, 'controller' => null, 'message_confirmation_email' => null, 'message_confirmation' => null, 'sujet_mail' => null, 'message2_confirmation_email' => null, 'message2_confirmation' => null, 'sujet2_mail' => null ), 'ParentRubrique' => array( 'id' => '27', 'url' => 'introduction', 'titre' => 'Histoire du Mozambique', 'soustitre' => '', 'image' => 'Histoire_du_Mozambique_27.jpg', 'type_id' => '10', 'comportement_id' => '0', 'positions' => 'principal', 'groupement' => 'groupe 3', 'urldestination' => '31', 'niceurldestination' => 'introduction', 'redirectionexterne' => '', 'url_pageexterne' => 'http://', 'presentation' => '', 'arborescence' => '', 'enligne' => true, 'imgmenu_off' => '', 'imgmenu_on' => '', 'imgmenu_actif' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'formulaire_id' => '1', 'parent_id' => '2', 'lft' => '301', 'rght' => '316' ), 'Typerubrique' => array( 'id' => '10', 'titre' => 'normal', 'commentaire' => '', 'ordre' => '10' ), 'Site' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Presentations' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Urls' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Niceurldestinations' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Lien' => array(), 'User' => array() ), 'contenus_traduits' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'Article' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'User' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Titres' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Surtitres' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Soustitres' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Textes' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Libellezips' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Commentaire' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Droitevignette' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Langue' => array( [maximum depth reached] ), 'Lien' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Pdf' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Son' => array([maximum depth reached]), 'Video' => 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Cahen, <em>Mozambique, la révolution implosée</em> , Ed L’harmattan, 1987<br />J.P Chrétien, <em>L’Afrique des grands lacs</em> , Ed Flammarion, 2003</p>', 'date' => '2009-09-30', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '19', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '19', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'webmaster', 'prenom' => 'editorial', 'username' => 'webmaster', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( [maximum depth reached] ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( [maximum depth reached] ), (int) 1 => array( 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Mozambique', 'soustitre' => '', 'chapeau' => '', 'vignette' => '', 'legende' => '', 'texte' => '<p> </p> <p>Mozambique has made use of the misfortunes of history. 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Cahen, <em>Mozambique, la révolution implosée</em> , Ed L’harmattan, 1987<br />J.P Chrétien, <em>L’Afrique des grands lacs</em> , Ed Flammarion, 2003</p>', 'date' => '2009-09-30', 'enhome' => false, 'enligne' => true, 'affecte' => true, 'libelle_lien' => '', 'imagelien' => '', 'typelien' => '', 'lien' => '', 'parametre' => '', 'user_id' => '19', 'archive' => '', 'libelle_zip' => '', 'locale' => 'eng' ), 'User' => array( 'password' => '*****', 'id' => '19', 'group_id' => '1', 'nom' => 'webmaster', 'prenom' => 'editorial', 'username' => 'webmaster', 'bloque' => false ), 'Titres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4384', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Conclusion' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4388', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'titre', 'content' => 'Conclusion' ) ), 'Surtitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4385', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => 'Histoire du Mozambique' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4389', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'surtitre', 'content' => 'Story of Mozambique' ) ), 'Soustitres' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4386', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4390', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'soustitre', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Textes' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4391', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p>Le Mozambique a joué de malchances historiques. Enjeu stratégique situé sur la route des Indes, trop tôt convoité, il devient une possession portugaise, mais fait fonction de colonie de services pour l’hinterland britannique. La colonisation portugaise, peu dispendieuse de moyens chichement mesurés, n’a pas permis de dégager de nouvelles élites africaines qui auraient pu prendre la relève. L’indépendance est accordée de l’extérieur par une révolution métropolitaine sans que le processus de décolonisation aboutisse. La démocratisation non réalisée provoque une guerre civile qui détruit l’essentiel de l’équipement que la puissance coloniale a bien eu du mal à installer. Le Mozambique, qui a toujours constitué une voie de passage entre l’intérieur et l’océan, ne peut que s’en remettre à sa vocation géographique originale de pays de transit. <br /><br /><strong>Bibliographie :</strong><br />D. Jouanneau, <em>Le Mozambique</em>, Ed Karthala, Paris, 1995<br />M. Cahen, <em>Mozambique, la révolution implosée</em>, Ed L’harmattan, 1987<br />J.P Chrétien, <em>l’Afrique des grands lacs</em>, Ed Flammarion, 2003</p>' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4392', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'texte', 'content' => '<p> </p> <p>Mozambique has made use of the misfortunes of history. A strategic challenge situated on the road to the East Indies, coveted from too early on, it became a Portuguese possession, but served as a service colony for the British hinterland. Portuguese colonisation, not very extravagant with frugally assessed resources, did not allow it to free up new African elites, which could have taken over. Independence was granted from outside by a revolution in the mother country without a following process of decolonisation. Failure to achieve democratisation provoked a civil war that destroyed most of the facilities the colonial power had had some trouble installing. 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Cahen, <em>Mozambique, la révolution implosée</em> , Ed L’harmattan, 1987<br />J.P Chrétien, <em>L’Afrique des grands lacs</em> , Ed Flammarion, 2003</p>' ) ), 'Libellezips' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '4387', 'locale' => 'fra', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'libelle_zip', 'content' => '' ), (int) 1 => array( 'id' => '4393', 'locale' => 'eng', 'model' => 'Article', 'foreign_key' => '85', 'field' => 'libelle_zip', 'content' => '' ) ), 'Commentaire' => array(), 'Droitevignette' => array(), 'Langue' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '1', 'codelang' => 'fre' ) ), 'Lien' => array(), 'Pdf' => array(), 'Son' => array(), 'Video' => array(), 'Vignette' => array( (int) 0 => array( 'id' => '85', 'titre' => 'Cabo Delgado lighthouse', 'source_petitformat' => 'Phare_du_Cabo_Delgado_vignette_85.jpg', 'source_grandformat' => '', 'ordre' => '0', 'legende' => '<p>[O. 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Mozambique has made use of the misfortunes of history. A strategic challenge situated on the road to the East Indies, coveted from too early on, it became a Portuguese possession, but served as a service colony for the British hinterland. Portuguese colonisation, not very extravagant with frugally assessed resources, did not allow it to free up new African elites, which could have taken over. Independence was granted from outside by a revolution in the mother country without a following process of decolonisation. Failure to achieve democratisation provoked a civil war that destroyed most of the facilities the colonial power had had some trouble installing. Mozambique, which has always been a passageway between the interior and the ocean, can do little but accept its original geographical vocation as a staging country.
Bibliography:
D. Jouanneau, Le Mozambique, Ed Karthala, Paris, 1995
M. Cahen, Mozambique, la révolution implosée , Ed L’harmattan, 1987
J.P Chrétien, L’Afrique des grands lacs , Ed Flammarion, 2003