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<p>&ldquo;Atimo Vatae&rdquo;. This Madagascan expression refers to the &ldquo;Great South&rdquo;... a region which has hardly anything to do with the clich&eacute;s of tropical seas which are generally associated with the big island: here, the waters which are cold for part of the year and populated with brown algae and remind one rather of Brittany that the coasts of Mauritius!<br />Why then was this zone chosen although it is less rich in species when compared with the more northern waters? Because of the shell collectors. For about twenty years, they navigate the Southern coasts of the island and collect cone shells, volutes and other porcelains of minor depth (between 5 and 30m). And among all these families, often, new species can be found. However, in other regions of the Pacific, it is almost one century ago now that naturalists made these types of findings among the specimen which accumulate on the coast. This situation put Philippe Bouchet of the National Museum of Natural History thinking. He is of the opinion that these findings are only the tip of the iceberg: who knows what the researchers will discover among the families which do not arouse the interest of collectors, such as urchins, algae, crustaceans... And even if the number of species is lower than that of other ecosystems such as coral reefs, their uniqueness could still make them valuable: the members of the expedition hope that about half of the species they will collect will be endemic to the region.</p>',
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<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">&laquo;&nbsp;Atimo Vatae&nbsp;&raquo; (prononcer Atsimo Vat'), l'expression malgache d&eacute;signant le &laquo;&nbsp;Grand Sud&nbsp;&raquo;... <br />Une r&eacute;gion qui n'a pas grand-chose en commun avec les clich&eacute;s de mers tropicales g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement associ&eacute;s &agrave; la grande<span style="color: #000000;"> &icirc;</span>le. Ici les eaux, froides durant une partie de l'ann&eacute;e, colonis&eacute;es par les algues brunes, ne ressemblent pas aux autres r&eacute;gions c&ocirc;ti&egrave;res de Madagascar, plut&ocirc;t similaires &agrave; celles de Tanzanie, du Kenya ou de l'&icirc;le Maurice.</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">Pourquoi alors avoir choisi cette zone, &agrave; priori moins riche en esp&egrave;ces que les eaux plus septentrionales<span style="color: #000000;"> ? La r&eacute;ponse est venue</span> des collectionneurs de coquillages. Depuis une vingtaine d'ann&eacute;e<span style="color: #000000;">s, ces amateurs &eacute;clair&eacute;s par</span>courent les c&ocirc;tes sud de l'&icirc;le, ramassant c&ocirc;nes, volutes et autres porcelaines &agrave; faible profondeur (entre 5 et 30m), e<span style="color: #000000;">t d&eacute;couvrent r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement de nouvelles esp&egrave;ces parmi les sp&eacute;cimens collect&eacute;s. &Eacute;tonnant car, da</span>ns les autres r&eacute;gions du Pacifique, voici pr&egrave;s d'un si&egrave;cle que les naturalistes ne font plus de telles trouvailles &agrave; proximit&eacute; des c&ocirc;tes. <br />Une situation qui a mis la puce &agrave; l'oreille de Philippe Bouchet, <span style="color: #000000;">du Mus&eacute;um. S</span>elon lui, ces d&eacute;couvertes ne sont que la partie &eacute;merg&eacute;e de l'iceberg : qui sait ce que les chercheurs vont d&eacute;couvrir parmi les familles comme les oursins, les algues ou les crustac&eacute;s, qui n'attisent pas la convoitise des collectionneurs ? Il se pourrait que, parmi les esp&egrave;ces collect&eacute;es par les membres de l'exp&eacute;dition La Plan&egrave;te Revisit&eacute;e, pr&egrave;s de la moiti&eacute; soient ((end&eacute;miques)) __une esp&egrave;ce est dite end&eacute;mique lorsqu'elle est pr&eacute;sente uniquement dans une zone g&eacute;ographique d&eacute;limit&eacute;e, de fa&ccedil;on naturelle : le koala Phascolarctos cinereus est end&eacute;mique de l'Australie, la fleur Saxifraga florulenta est end&eacute;mique des Alpes. Le concept d'end&eacute;misme peut s'appliquer &agrave;&nbsp; n'importe quel taxon : esp&egrave;ce, genre, famille... Le taux d'end&eacute;misme est l'un des &eacute;l&eacute;ments permettant d'&eacute;valuer la biodiversit&eacute;.___ du sud malgache.</p>
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include - APP/View/Elements/article/voir_unarticle.ctp, line 11
View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 961
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Madagascar

Walking the paths of the collectors of shells

 

“Atimo Vatae”. This Madagascan expression refers to the “Great South”... a region which has hardly anything to do with the clichés of tropical seas which are generally associated with the big island: here, the waters which are cold for part of the year and populated with brown algae and remind one rather of Brittany that the coasts of Mauritius!
Why then was this zone chosen although it is less rich in species when compared with the more northern waters? Because of the shell collectors. For about twenty years, they navigate the Southern coasts of the island and collect cone shells, volutes and other porcelains of minor depth (between 5 and 30m). And among all these families, often, new species can be found. However, in other regions of the Pacific, it is almost one century ago now that naturalists made these types of findings among the specimen which accumulate on the coast. This situation put Philippe Bouchet of the National Museum of Natural History thinking. He is of the opinion that these findings are only the tip of the iceberg: who knows what the researchers will discover among the families which do not arouse the interest of collectors, such as urchins, algae, crustaceans... And even if the number of species is lower than that of other ecosystems such as coral reefs, their uniqueness could still make them valuable: the members of the expedition hope that about half of the species they will collect will be endemic to the region.

 

Localization of the coastal missions in the cold waters of the South of Madagascar

 

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<p>&ldquo;Atimo Vatae&rdquo;. This Madagascan expression refers to the &ldquo;Great South&rdquo;... a region which has hardly anything to do with the clich&eacute;s of tropical seas which are generally associated with the big island: here, the waters which are cold for part of the year and populated with brown algae and remind one rather of Brittany that the coasts of Mauritius!<br />Why then was this zone chosen although it is less rich in species when compared with the more northern waters? Because of the shell collectors. For about twenty years, they navigate the Southern coasts of the island and collect cone shells, volutes and other porcelains of minor depth (between 5 and 30m). And among all these families, often, new species can be found. However, in other regions of the Pacific, it is almost one century ago now that naturalists made these types of findings among the specimen which accumulate on the coast. This situation put Philippe Bouchet of the National Museum of Natural History thinking. He is of the opinion that these findings are only the tip of the iceberg: who knows what the researchers will discover among the families which do not arouse the interest of collectors, such as urchins, algae, crustaceans... And even if the number of species is lower than that of other ecosystems such as coral reefs, their uniqueness could still make them valuable: the members of the expedition hope that about half of the species they will collect will be endemic to the region.</p>',
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<p>Madagascar se situe en p&eacute;riph&eacute;rie du domaine tropical Indo-Pacifique, la plus vaste r&eacute;gion ((biog&eacute;ographique))__discipline scientifique &eacute;tudiant la distribution des esp&egrave;ces &agrave;&nbsp; la surface du globe, ainsi que les changements qui l'affectent___&nbsp; marine au monde. Celle-ci comprend toute la zone s'&eacute;tendant entre l'ouest de l'Oc&eacute;an Indien (Mer Rouge et Golfe Persique inclus) et les archipels polyn&eacute;siens (Hawaii, Polyn&eacute;sie Fran&ccedil;aise, Ile de P&acirc;ques). Une province immense, au sein de laquelle la biodiversit&eacute; se r&eacute;partit selon un gradient d&eacute;croissant dont le coeur est le "Coral Triangle", en Asie du Sud-Est. <br />Comparativement, les r&eacute;gions p&eacute;riph&eacute;riques (Pacifique central &agrave; l'est, Oc&eacute;an Indien &agrave; l'ouest) sont beaucoup moins riches en esp&egrave;ces. Cependant, ces zones "pauvres" sont "riches en esp&egrave;ces end&eacute;miques" comme l'a notamment montr&eacute; un inventaire men&eacute; en 2002 par l'&eacute;quipe de Philippe Bouchet aux abords de l'&icirc;le de Rapa, situ&eacute;e en bordure du domaine tropical Indo-Pacifique, dans l'extr&ecirc;me Sud de la Polyn&eacute;sie fran&ccedil;aise. Environ 500 esp&egrave;ces de mollusques ((benthiques))__adjectif qualifiant le domaine des fonds marins ou dul&ccedil;aquicoles depuis le rivage jusqu&rsquo;aux plus grandes profondeurs___&nbsp; c&ocirc;tiers avaient alors &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;colt&eacute;es, soit 6 fois moins que sur un site de superficie comparable en Nouvelle-Cal&eacute;donie. Mais 20 &agrave; 25% de ces esp&egrave;ces &eacute;taient end&eacute;miques ! Un paradoxe en termes d'inventaire et de conservation de la biodiversit&eacute; : le coeur de la province Indo-Pacifique est exceptionnellement riche en esp&egrave;ces, mais celles-ci sont peu originales &agrave; l'&eacute;chelle locale, tandis que dans les sites p&eacute;riph&eacute;riques les esp&egrave;ces sont moins nombreuses, mais beaucoup plus originales localement. <br />Peu de donn&eacute;es existent sur la situation de Madagascar, seules les r&eacute;gions de Tul&eacute;ar et de Nosi B&eacute; ont d&eacute;j&agrave; fait l'objet d'inventaires. L'&eacute;valuation et l'&eacute;tude de l'end&eacute;misme p&eacute;riph&eacute;rique de la grande &icirc;le constitueront donc les th&egrave;mes principaux de l'exploration du grand sud malgache.</p>
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The depths of the Mozambique Channel

 

With regard to Mozambique, the researchers are interested in a deeper zone, the bathyal zone. Thanks to cooperation with the Spanish Institute of Oceanography, some markings have already been made in depths between 100 and 1,800m. However, these research activities have to be deepened in order to get clearer view of the biodiversity of this part of the Mozambique Channel – a region which like many others in almost every part of the world is not spared the exhaustion of marine resources due to overfishing. Since the quantities of samples near the coasts are steadily decreasing, the researchers trawl in much deeper regions and devastate the ecosystems which have hardly been scientifically studied. According to the Institute of Research and Development, each year, deep-sea trawling destroys a surface which is fifty times larger than the surface destroyed by deforestation on the worlds ocean floors...